UCS Praises, Condemns New Hybrids

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) have both praised and condemned two of the latest hybrid offerings. The UCS auto engineers feel the BMW ActiveHybrid X6, a 'muscle hybrid', squanders its hybrid drivetrain by boosting power.

At the same time, the Mercedes-Benz S400 is seen as partially successful. It lowers cost, but uses a 'relatively weak' hybrid drivetrain along with a downsized conventional gasoline engine, to increase fuel efficiency.

The UCS updated their Hybrid Scorecard to reflect their findings.

BMW ActiveHybrid X6

The ActiveHybrid X6
UCS points out BMW has added on to an already powerful eight cylinder engine to boost the X6 to the highest horsepower and torque of any hybrid on the market. And so the hybrid X6 has become the worst performer, from an environmental perspective, than the Lexus RX 450h. The RX450h has a 7.4 rating on the UCS Scorecard, while the X6 was given a 4.4.

The UCS also notes the X6 ActiveHybrid comes with $10,000 of 'forced features', including a deluxe sound system and other features not included in the base model. The UCS feels that unnecessary features drive up the cost of hybrid cars.

S400 Hybrid from Mercedes-Benz

The Mercedes-Benz S400 Hybrid
The first hybrid from Mercedes-Benz, on the other hand, took and eight cylinder engine and replaced it with a six-cylinder hybrid. That improved the costs and made for higher fuel economy. And for the first time for a hybrid, the S400 hybrid actually costs less than the base mode S550.

The S400 Hybrid is a mild hybrid, incapable of driving on electric power alone. But it does come with start-stop technology and regenerative braking. It's also the first production hybrid to use lithium-ion batteries. The S400 comes with no forced features.

The UCS engineers gave the S400 a score of 5.3 on their scorecard, but not the hybrid value is 'very high.'  In other words, the environmental 'bang for your buck' or cost effectiveness of the S400 Hybrid is very high in achieving its environmental performance.

Hybrid Car Brands

Just who is making hybrid cars these days and what brands are considering making hybrid cars in the future?

Major Hybrid Car Brands
Hybrid cars are currently being built and sold by General Motors, Ford, Honda, Toyota and Nissan. General Motors builds hybrid cars under several divisions including Saturn, Chevrolet, and GMC.  Ford has the Mercury and Ford divisions.  Toyota sells hybrids under the brand name of Lexus .  While Honda and Nissan just sell hybrids under their own name plates.

Toyota
Under the Toyota brand name, there are three models currently on sale. The iconic Prius is almost synonymous with hybrid and is the first car most people think of when they think of hybrids. Toyota also sells the Camry Hybrid and Highlander Hybrid under the moniker of Toyota.

Toyota also has their luxury division, the Lexus hybrids. Under the Lexus brand name, Toyota sells the HS, LS, RX, and GS Hybrids. They keep adding models under the Lexus nameplate, so expect and IS hybrid to arrive soon. The HS hybrid is a dedicated model like the Prius. The others are subtypes under the model. In other words, you can buy gas-only models, or you can opt for the hybrid engine.

Honda
Honda sells the Civic Hybrid under their brand name. They also currently sell the only other dedicated hybrid on the road, the Insight. They used to sell a Hybrid Accord, and the two-seater hybrid Insight, but have retired both models.

Expect to see Acura Hybrids in the future.

Nissan
Nissan has only one hybrid model for sale, the Nissan Altima Hybrid. It is built using hybrid technology from Toyota and is sold in only eight US states. Nissan has plans to bring an Infiniti M35 Hybrid to market in the coming year.

General Motors (Cadillac, Chevy, Saturn, GMC)
They build several models (currently) using the Chevrolet brand. There is the Chevy Malibu and Chevy Silverado. The Chevy Volt, the Extended Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV), will be out soon and while GM considers the Volt to be a subtype of electric vehicle, it still falls under the hybrid type.

GM also builds the GMC Yukon and Sierra. And the Cadillac Escalade Hybrid also falls under the GM brand.

The Saturn brand was at one point, the cornerstone for hybrids under the GM umbrella. But Saturn is no more. You can still see the hybrid Vue and Aura on the road today.

Ford
Ford sells four different models under two different brand names. The Mercury Division sells the Milan and Mariner Hybrid. While Ford retains the Fusion and Escape Hybrid. The Lincoln division will have its own hybrid soon, but it's not here yet. The Mercury hybrids are the upgraded version of the Ford Hybrids, so expect them to be very similar if you take a look at both of them.

Chrysler
Chrysler sold the Aspen and Durango Hybrids for a total of two months before pulling the plug on both models. The Dodge Durango is very similar to the Chrysler Aspen, and both were built using the dual hybrid technology developed in partnership with BMW and GM.

Chrysler at one point had plans to bring a Dodge Ram Hybrid to market, but that seems to be on hold.

Hyundai
Hyundai is jumping in with both feet in the next year, with the Sonata Hybrid. Distinguishing itself from the other hybrids listed above, it's going to be one of the first hybrids to use lithium polymer battery packs, giving it an advantage over some of the more established hybrid models and brands listed above.

Mazda
Mazda has sold the Tribute hybrid in very limited numbers.  The Tribute was built using Ford Hybrid technology, when Mazda and Ford were a lot tighter than they are today.  Now Mazda is looking to partner with Toyota for the technology used in the Prius for their future hybrid model in 2013.

Fisker and Tesla
Fisker and Tesla are both bringing hybrid cars to market (they probably don't appreciate being lumped together given the lawsuits over the past few years). These startups are working hard to go straight to electric or hybrid and are emphasizing performance, rather than fuel efficiency right from the get go.

Audi, Subaru, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Daimler, Ferrari, Lotus, Kia, Maserati, Porsche, Suzuki, Volkswagen and Volvo
Each of the brands mentioned above are attempting their own hybrid models, and several have brought some noteworthy test models to auto shows. Several are on their way to bringing those cars to market right now, but are still a few years away from seeing them on the road in more than just 'test fleets'. Some are closer than others, while some probably have no intention of ever going hybrid unless they are forced to do so by the tighter restrictions being enforced in Europe, Asia and the US in the coming years.

Looking for more information on one of the brands above?
Either search for the brand name here on this site or use the categories below or on the sidebars.  Each of the major brands listed will have more information that I've accumulated over the years.

S-Class Getting 81 MPG

Mercedes-Benz Plans on Building S-Class E-REV

Mercedes-Benz is looking to build an S-class plug-in hybrid (actually, from the description, it's an E-REV (Extended-Range Electric Vehicle)) that will achieve 81 mpg. More details are coming out according to CarandDriver.  Mercedes-Benz launched a hybrid S-Class in Japan last September.
 
The new S-class will mate a 3.0-liter V-6 gasoline engine-dirct injection and peizo injectors witha 60 hp electric motor. The electric range will be about 20 miles.

Mercedes-Benz Thomas Weber feels that the biggest issue with electric cars is the battery. From the expense, charging time, possible overheating, to just the extra weight. Thus, they are looking at the variants which will allow them to use smaller batter packs, but still keep the range and reduce the cost of the vehicle.

Mercedes F800, a Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid

Mercedes-Benz F800, Hybrid Concept

Mercedes-Benz will be showing off its F800 concept vehicle at the Geneva Motor Show, a hydrogen fuel cell plug-in hybrid. According to the press release, the F800 concept can travel 18 miles on an all electric charge, after being plugged in overnight. Once the charge in the lithium-ion battery pack is gone, the fuel cell can power the vehicle for another 375 miles.

The result is no emissions, at least while you're driving (electricity production produces emissions at the plant, not the car).

Fun features in the five-seater include sliding rear doors, bold fenders and a prominent grille that Mercedes-Benz is telling reporters gives the direction they are heading in for future vehicles.  A new camera touchpad records images of the user's hand and displays it in transparent form above the center console.  A “range on map” shows how far the car can travel in electric mode.

The next generation cruise-control will follow the car in front into curves without steering at speeds up to 25 mph.  The Pre-Safe 360 Degree system  will engage the brakes about 600 milliseconds before a rear-end collision to prevent a secondary crash into another car or object.

The fuel cell powered engine is under the hood, while the electric motor is near the rear axle. Two of the hydrogen tanks are located between the passengers.

The plug-in V-6 hybrid can produce up to 409 hp and can go from 0-60 in 4.7 seconds.

Mercedes C-Class Coupe May Have a Hybrid Version

Mercedes will be introducing a C-class coupe to compete with the BMW 1 Series. And now the inside line is saying Mercedes may be bringing a hybrid version to light as well, possibly in the next couple of years.

Mercedes is jumping into the hybrid marketplace with both feet. The S400 Hybrid and ML 450 Hybrid have already been introduced here in the US, while a plug-in S-Class is already in the works.

The speculation out now is the Mercedes C-Class will be powered by a V-6, 3.5-liter naturally aspirated C-Class, or a smaller unit with twin turbochargers (over 300 hp). The hybrid would mate an electric motor with the V6. Then there may be a twin-turbo V8 on the planning board, too.

Mercedes-Benz S-Class Plug-In Hybrid Model in the Planning Stages

Mercedes-Benz will be offering an S-class plug-in hybrid model sometime in the near future according to Autocar (UK). After the initial launch using the S-class, Mercedes-Benz will offer it across the rest of their models.

Source: Autocar.co.uk

“It makes a lot of sense to bundle the high-price tech option to the sort of customers willing to pay for this sort of thing,” said Mercedes R&D boss Thomas Weber.

A plug-in version of the S-class is anticipated to get over 80 mpg and less than 100g/km of CO2.

It seems that a lot of car companies will be following GM (Chevy Volt) and Toyota (Plug-in Prius) into the plug-in world. By offering customers the 'green' electric with the range of comfort of gas engines, the plug-in hybrid may be the next best thing to come along.

And it will help car companies meet the newer stricter guidelines being set across Europe and the US in fuel economy across the entire line-up of cars.

The ML450 Hybrid Makes Debut at the LA Auto Show

The Mercedes-Benz ML450 Hybrid will be at the L.A. Auto Show according to Mercedes-Benz. It will be on display along with the 563-horsepower Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG supercar, the fuel-sipping E350 BlueTEC and the fuel-cell-powered F-Cell.

The Mercedes-Benz ML450 HYBRID uses a 3.5-liter V6 gasoline engine, two electric motors and sophisticated electronics to produce more than 46 percent better fuel economy than a comparable V8-powered ML550 model. Integrated within the modified automatic transmission, each magneto-electric motor is dedicated to a specific purpose -- one for pulling away under electric power, the other specifically for acceleration. With both electric motors, the ML450 HYBRID has a total system performance of 335 horsepower and 381 pound-feet of torque.

Mercedes-Benz ML450 Hybrid Launches in November as Lease Only

Mercedes-Benz will launch the ML450 Hybrid on November 16. The full hybrid V6 will get 21 mpg city and 24 mpg highway. It will also produce 275-hp.

The ML450 Hybrid will be Mercedes-Benz second hybrid model, the first being the S400 Hybrid.

The ML450 Hybrid will be offered as part of a special lease only option (no purchase) for a monthly lease price of $659 per month for 36 months and $549 per month for 60 months.

From the press release:

The ML450 HYBRID fulfills the same crash test requirements and offers outstanding active safety with stability control systems such as ESP, ABS and BAS, as well as 4MATIC all-wheel drive. The integration of the hybrid technology has been engineered to require no additional packaging space that would compromise comfort or functionality. The space available in the passenger cabin is as generous as before and the trunk capacity remains fully intact. From the outside, the ML450 HYBRID is recognizable by its modified hood, the BlueEFFICIENCY logo on the fender and by the HYBRID badge on its tailgate.

The New ML450 HYBRID Boasts 46 Percent Better Fuel Economy

The new Mercedes-Benz ML450 HYBRID uses a 3.5-liter V6 gasoline engine, optimized via the Atkinson cycle, two magneto-electric motors and sophisticated hybrid electronics to produce 46 percent better fuel economy than a comparable V8-powered ML550 model.

Integrated within the modified automatic transmission, each electric motor serves a specific purpose. Dedicated to pulling away under electric power, the motor on the transmission output shaft generates 80 hp and 192 lb.-ft of torque.

Located closer to the gasoline engine, the second electric motor is set up specifically for acceleration and is rated at 83 hp and 173 lb.-ft of torque. Working with both electric motors when full power is needed, the ML450 HYBRID has a total system performance of 335 hp and 381 lb.-ft. of torque.

The electric motors are powered by a liquid-cooled, 288-volt nickel-metal-hydride battery that's enclosed under the rear cargo floor. A powerful computer controls the hybrid system, recalculating the best operating mode 160 times a second. Capable of up to 50 million calculations per second, the system works to maintain an ideal balance between fuel economy and performance.

During parking and low-speed operation, the ML450 HYBRID runs on the electric drive only. The ML450 HYBRID can drive solely on electric power up to a maximum speed of 34 mph. On hard acceleration, the gasoline engine is started automatically, and it works seamlessly with the two electric motors for excellent performance. The hybrid system includes a convenient start-stop function that turns off the gasoline engine -- for example, when coasting up to a red light -- and re-starts it during acceleration.

During braking and coasting, the electric motor acts as a generator, slowing the SUV and recovering kinetic energy. Under heavy braking, the vehicle's conventional brakes also come into play. Recovered energy is stored in the battery and re-used whenever the SUV runs only on the electric motors.

Mercedes-Benz Opening Hybrid R&D Center

Mercedes-Benz, according to Daimler, will be opening a R&D center for hybrid and other alternative powertrain technology in Redford Township in Michigan. The township offered a $2.3 million tax exemption to Mercedes-Benz, in addition to the $7.5 million tax incentives from the Michigan Economic Growth Authority.

Source: Mercedes to do hybrid R&D in Redford Twp. | Detroit Free Press | Freep.com

“We’re very excited about the possibility of launching the center in Southeast Michigan,” said Judy Brunson, MBH operations officer.

Mercedes-Benz launched the S-Class Hybrid in Japan

Mercedes-Benz launched the S-Class Hybrid, S400, in Japan (Source: Mercedes-Benz launches 1st luxury hybrid model in Japan). That makes them the first foreign company to compete in the red-hot hybrid market of Japan.

The S-Class Hybrid gets 30% better fuel efficiency than the conventional model, and costs about 14.05 million yen (upwards of $150,000 in US). It is eligible for the tax-breaks that make the Insight and Prius so popular in Japan.

The V6 3.5 liter gas engine is mated to a 15kW electric motor.  Combined, the engines produce 299 hp and a maximum torque of 385 Nm (284 lb-ft).  The fuel economy is about 7.9L/100 km (30 mpg).

ML 450 Hybrid from Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz is making a splash at the NY International Auto Show by showing off their ML 450 Hybrid, the latest dual-mode hybrid SUV.  The 3.5 liter V6 Atkinson engine is mated to an electric motor and is capable of producing power comparable to an eight-cylinder SUV, while fuel consumption is reduced by 60%.  The ML 450 Hybrid is rated at 21 mpg city and 24 mpg highway.


Mercedes-Benz co-developed the dual-mode hybrid system with GM and BMW, and so the ML450 Hybrid SUV will be using the same technology as the dual-mode hybrids from Chrysler and GM. But unlike GM, Mercedes-Benz figures they can cover the cost of the hybrid system and make money off of the deal right away.  Put simply, this luxury vehicle can be sold for more money, which means you can afford to pay the cost of installing the hybrid system (which may be why the two hybrid SUVs from Chrysler were retired after just two months).

In a side note, the ML 450 Hybrid was delayed due to some battery supplier issues.  The 288 Volt nickel metal hydride battery pack and hybrid system, as in the S400 Hybrid, has been integrated into the motor, so no trunk space or passenger room has been compromised.

The dual-mode hybrid system is designed with two electric modes which are used in different situations to boost fuel efficiency.  You can read through the press release below to get a feel for how the Atkinson cycle engine works with the electric motor to boost fuel efficiency while retaining power.

Mercedes-Benz ML450 HYBRID
The perfect hybrid powertrain

• Compact 288 volt battery with high energy density
• Sophisticated control system calculates most efficient operating mode in real time - 160 times per seconds with up to 50 million computations.
• Atkinson V6 gasoline engine with 275 hp and optimized fuel economy
• Classic M-Class benefits remain intact - economy of space, high levels of active and passive safety, driving comfort and 4MATIC permanent all-wheel drive

In the search for the optimum hybrid system for the premium auto sector, one thing was absolutely clear to development engineers right from the very earliest stages of the concept phase – a Mercedes-Benz SUV with a hybrid driveline will have to possess the same brand characteristics as every other vehicle produced by the brand. Core elements such as the highest possible levels of active and passive safety, the best in driving and user comfort, uncompromising operational safety and reliability over a long period of time and high- quality workmanship with select materials must all be at the same level as a comparable, conventionally-driven series production vehicle - combined with the highest possible efficiency. At the same time, the hybrid powertrain system should emphasize the innovative strength and leading technological excellence of the company. These objectives necessitated a full vehicle development program – as would be required for an entirely new model range. In bringing it to production, engineers and technicians covered a total of 2.5 million miles - many of them in regions with extreme variations in climate conditions - in order to guarantee the operational safety of the system in everything from freezing arctic temperatures through the dry heat of the desert to the extreme humidity of the tropics. This work was complemented by extensive test cell development and detailed simulation using a "digital prototype". One important objective of the development process was the optimum matching of the various sub-systems integrated within the driveline. Thanks to this "system matching" process, the user experience of the different drive modes is seamless and intuitive.

The ML450 HYBRID has a powertrain architecture that enables both purely-electric and purely-combustion engine operation, as well as a combination of both. Its two-mode hybrid technology is based on the fundamental work carried out by the "Global Hybrid Cooperation". This industry grouping brings together the research and development efforts of Daimler AG, the BMW Group, General Motors and Chrysler.

Superior technology – two-mode hybrid is the most efficient driveline

Thanks to its two-mode hybrid technology, the ML450 HYBRID possesses considerable benefits; its performance figures are comparable to those of a classic eight-cylinder SUV with permanent all-wheel drive, while fuel consumption and emissions are up to 60 percent lower. The ML450 HYBRID, which was conceived specifically for the North American market, achieves city gas mileage of 21 mpg and highway mileage of 24 mpg. Classified as a SULEV (Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle), the SUV currently complies with the most stringent of all U.S. emissions legislation for vehicles with internal combustion engines. At the same time, the ML450 HYBRID delivers a system performance of 335 hp and an overall torque of 381 lb-ft to guarantee a refined driving experience combined with increased powertrain comfort. The powertrain is controlled fully automatically, meaning that the driver can concentrate on the traffic and enjoy the driving experience of the ML450 HYBRID without additional operational effort. The functionality of the 4MATIC all-wheel drive also remains fully intact.

At the heart of the two-mode hybrid driveline is the transmission unit with two compact electric motors, three planetary gear sets and four clutches. This configuration enables the drive to be split through one electrical and one mechanical route. Conventional one-mode hybrid systems generally have no mechanical gearing. These systems must therefore transfer the majority of their power through the electrical driveline with higher electrical output and subsequently reduced efficiency. Their most efficient operation takes place largely at lower loads and speeds. Should power transfer also be required at higher loads and speeds, then a larger electric motor would be required. This, in turn, would use more energy and take up more space, to the detriment of efficiency. In contrast, as load and speed increases, two-mode hybrid technology transfers drive in a variable fashion from the electrical line to the mechanical driveline. In so doing, the system functions significantly more effectively under all conditions ranging from stop-and-go city traffic to rapid highway driving. It also enables the use of more compact electric motors. The "two-mode" technology also derives its name from its increased efficiency in both city traffic and on the open road.

Through the activation of the four clutches, the electrical and internal combustion engine drive is split between all four wheels of the 4MATIC permanent all-wheel drive via four fixed ratios and two variable electrical ratios in accordance with driving conditions. A range of strategies – defined by traffic conditions or driver preference – deliver the best possible figures in terms of fuel economy and performance.

• In pulling away or at low speeds up to the second fixed gear, the ML450 HYBRID drives very smoothly in ECVT 1 mode (Electric Continuously Variable Transmission).
• The ECVT 2 mode takes over at higher speeds starting at the second fixed gear ratio. Depending on the optimum operating point, either a combined or constantly variable mode will be selected.
• In the first and third fixed gear ratios, both electric motors operate together either to provide additional energy for acceleration (boost) or to store the braking and drive energy (recuperation).
• In the second and fourth fixed ratio, one of the electric motors is switched off in order to increase efficiency. The other electric motor is used for boost and for recuperation.

Both compact electric motors have a high power density and are fully integrated into the transmission casing. The limited packaging space called for a different set up for each of the two motors. The first is positioned closer to the internal combustion engine, generates 83 hp and 173 lb-ft of torque and is set up specifically for performance. The motor located at the output end of the transmission generates 80 hp and 192 lb-ft of torque and is dedicated to pulling away under electric power and to provide boost.

Compact 288 volt battery with high power density

In the ML450 HYBRID, electrical energy is stored in a compact, liquid-cooled, high-voltage nickel metal hydride battery. Summary battery data:

• Battery type Liquid-cooled, high-voltage nickel metal hydride battery
• Location Below rear cargo area
• Weight (lbs) 183 Modules / cells (no.) 24 / 240
• Electrical output (kW) 45
• Capacity (kWh) 2.4 voltage (V) 288

A battery management system monitors and controls the varying charge flow during electric driving, boost or recuperation and ensures a stable charge condition. The entire high-voltage network on board the vehicle is equipped to the highest safety standards.

Sophisticated control system calculates most efficient operating mode in real time

The operation of the two electric motors and the control of the overall high-voltage network demand a sophisticated system of power electronics, which is located under the hood of the ML450 HYBRID. In order to increase its efficiency, waste heat is channeled through a separate cooling system. An integrated auxiliary power module facilitates energy exchange between the 288 volt and 12 volt vehicle networks.

A powerful computer controls the hybrid system with up to 50 million computations per second. The central electronic control unit calculates the most efficient operating mode 160 times per second, thus achieving the lowest possible fuel consumption. The control system also facilitates the control of new comfort and functionality features:

The coordinated transmission shift strategies allows for exceptionally smooth maneuvering
The "chill down" mode enables battery recovery under excessive load or high temperatures*
An adaptive driving program learns the road profile and the driving characteristics of the person at the wheel and uses this information to optimize the agility of the driving program.
"Power Launch Control" facilitates the best possible acceleration figures in boost mode*
The "Traffic Jam" feature enables pure electric driving in stop-and-go operation, even when the battery charge status is low*
* exclusive features of the ML450 HYBRID

Atkinson V6 engine with optimized fuel economy

The redesigned 3.5 liter V6 gasoline engine has been optimized in accordance with the Atkinson cycle and enables considerably improved fuel economy and emissions values at a power output of 275 hp and maximum torque of 258 lb-ft. Development engineers took advantage of some of the benefits of the Atkinson principle, whereby the intake stroke is longer than the compression stroke. To achieve this, the intake valve stays open a little longer between intake and compression, thus increasing the thermal efficiency of the engine while reducing specific fuel consumption and raw emissions. Vehicles with conventional drivelines don't employ this process, because, aside from their consumption and emissions benefits, Atkinson engines have a tendency to produce lower torque in the lower rev range, thus offering a poorer throttle response, especially at lower engine speeds. In the ML450 HYBRID, this disadvantage is more than compensated for by the use of the electric motors for normal pulling away, acceleration and boost. The M-Class enjoys the highest levels of throttle response and agility.

Compared with the conventional 3.5 liter V6 engine, the cylinder heads, pistons and camshafts have all been modified in the Atkinson version. The camshaft control is also different. The redeveloped, controlled oil pump adjusts its demand to the actual engine requirements, thus minimizing the required feed and contributing to a reduction in fuel consumption and emissions. As the tasks performed by the alternator and starter motor are integrated into the functionality of both electric motors, these components become superfluous and can thus be removed from the ancillary belt drive. It was also possible to remove the air conditioning compressor and the power steering pump from the belt drive. In the ML450 HYBRID, these are powered electrically and can be driven independent of the combustion engine.

Operating strategies of the two-mode hybrid powertrain

• The ML450 HYBRID offers the maximum additional functionality possible from a hybrid powertrain. This includes variable hybrid driving in city and highway traffic, silent electric- only pull-away and drive, power boost for lively acceleration, energy recuperation and automatic start/stop function. These functions are activated in accordance with operating status and traffic conditions:
• At a standstill, the internal combustion engine is switched off. The functionality of the air conditioning and power steering are fully maintained through the electrical operation of the air conditioning compressor and the steering pump.
• Low-speed maneuvering, e.g. during parking, is handled using electric drive only.
• When the driver activates the gas pedal while the vehicle is at a standstill, the ML 450 HYBRID pulls away in electric-only mode. In the event that the pedal is depressed quickly, the system control recognizes the desire for heavy acceleration, activates the combustion engine and supports this with added torque from the electric motor (boost effect) to noticeably increase the responsiveness of the vehicle. The transmission also has a kick-down function, if required.
• During consistent driving, the operating point of the V6 engine shifts in favor of lower specific fuel consumption in order to increase efficiency, particularly under partial load
• Recuperation - the conversion and storage of braking energy as electrical energy - begins immediately following the application of the boost function or during normal braking maneuvers. Under heavy braking, the mechanical brakes are also applied. If required, the ML450 HYBRID provides the same degree of maximum braking power as a conventionally powered M-Class, while sustaining its exceptional handling stability.
• The automatic start / stop function deactivates the V6 engine whenever it is not required, e.g. when rolling up to a red light. As soon as the driver depresses the gas pedal, the ML pulls away under electric power, before then starting the combustion engine.
• The Silent Start function enables noiseless starting of the vehicle.

Display provides information on current operating status

The ML450 HYBRID driving experience delivers an impressive level of agility and balanced powertrain characteristics under all operating conditions. A specially designed display system informs the driver of the current operating mode. On the COMAND system display, the driver can opt to see the energy flow between the high-voltage battery, combustion engine and electric motors with the associated percentage battery charge status, or a diagram indicating fuel consumption and energy recuperation. The battery charge status can also be called-up on the instrument cluster. The conventional rev counter is replaced by a gauge that shows the total current powertrain and recuperation output.

A matter of preference – Economy or Sports mode

In order to make the extraordinary agility of the ML450 HYBRID even more apparent, the model offers a Sport mode alongside its Economy mode, activated by the "E/S" switch in the center console. This operating mode offers the characteristics of a conventional automatic transmission with eight fixed ratios and extremely short shift times. The sportier engine and transmission logic, as well as the direct drive characteristics of the powertrain make throttle response even more instantaneous. The Sport program also recognizes driving style and road profile and adapts the system control accordingly.

Classic M-Class benefits remain fully intact

The models of the Mercedes-Benz M-Class are among the world's most successful premium SUVs and offer the highest possible active and passive safety, the best in driving and user comfort, uncompromising operational safety and reliability over a long period of time and high-quality workmanship with select materials. These attributes apply also to the ML450 HYBRID, which offers performance in all of these areas equal to that of the conventionally powered variants. The hybrid version fulfills the same crash test requirements and offers outstanding active safety with stability control systems such as ESP©, ABS and BAS, as well as 4MATIC all-wheel drive. The integration of the hybrid technology has been perfectly engineered, and requires no additional packaging space that would in any way compromise comfort or functionality. The space available in the passenger cabin is every bit as generous as before and the trunk capacity remains fully intact. From the outside, the ML450 HYBRID is recognizable by its modified hood, the BlueEFFICIENCY logo on the fender and by the HYBRID badge on its tailgate.

Manufacturing of the ML450 HYBRID is completely integrated into the production system at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

2010 Mercedes-Benz S400 Hybrid

The new S-Class Hybrid will be the "world's most economical luxury car with a gasoline engine" according to Mercedes-Benze (Daimler). And at 29 mpg, that puts them right up there with other fuel efficient luxury cars.

The combination of a 3.5L V-6 mated to a seven-speed automatic and electric motor with lithium-ion battery pack combines to produce 295 hp and a maximum torque of 284 lb-ft. The hybrid system includes start-stop and regenerative braking.

The battery pack is tucked into the engine bay and doesn't compromise on trunk or interior space, which is unlike other automakers who have their hybrid systems, including the battery elsewhere.

But the big news here is the lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery pack. Hybrids today come with nickel-metal hydride battery packs, but lithium is lighter and more powerful. Mercedes-Benz may be the first to market with a production hybrid sporting Li-Ion.

The new S400 will be available in August.

Luxury appointments include:

• Night View Assist Plus now detects and highlights pedestrians on its display.
• Improvements to the long- and medium-range radar systems of the Brake Assist and Distronic Plus adaptive cruise control.
• Lane Keeping Assist alerts the driver if the vehicle wavers about, but can determine if movements are intentional or not by evaluating driver inputs.
• Pre-Safe Brake system can activate maximum stopping pressure 0.6 seconds before unavoidable accidents if the driver does not react to audible and visual warnings.
• Direct-Steer system brings variable-ratio steering.
• Active Body Control now features a crosswind stabilization function that analyzes yaw rates and lateral acceleration to vary wheel loads and compensate for strong gusts.
• Attention Assist monitors 70 different parameters and warns drivers if they become drowsy with audible and visual indicators.
• The Command infotainment system receives a 40-gig hard drive, HD Radio and can display Zagat restaurant ratings. Mercedes claims the revised physical media interface makes easier integration for iPods and USB sticks.

Press Release:
After three years of the current S-Class, Mercedes-Benz is launching the restyled 2010 S-Class in August. With the very latest technology for even greater safety, as well as trailblazing innovations in comfort and drive technology, the Mercedes-Benz flagship is reasserting its leading position as the brand's innovation platform and benchmark for luxury sedans.

In the 2010 S-Class, Mercedes-Benz has improved the renowned safety level even further with a unique combination of innovative camera and radar-based driver assistance systems. These include Adaptive Highbeam Assist, Lane Keeping Assist and the PRE-SAFE® brake system linked to the proximity regulating radar, which intervenes autonomously before an impending rear-end collision and acts like an invisible crumple zone. Other innovations in the 2010 S-Class include the ATTENTION ASSIST driver drowsiness monitor and Active Body Control with automatic crosswind stabilization.

The new S400 HYBRID is also celebrating its debut. As the first series-production Mercedes-Benz passenger car with hybrid drive, this S-Class model is the world's most economical luxury car with a gasoline engine. Its estimated combined fuel consumption of 29 miles per gallon sets a new worldwide benchmark in this vehicle segment.

"The S400 HYBRID is a major milestone on our road towards emission-free mobility", says Dr. Dieter Zetsche, Chairman of Daimler AG and CEO of Mercedes-Benz Cars. "Our first series-production hybrid passenger car exemplifies the long-term, sustainability-oriented development strategy of Mercedes-Benz, which has a clearly defined aim: economical and environmentally compatible premium automobiles, with no compromises in terms of safety, comfort and a superior driving experience." The S400 HYBRID is also a trailblazer where energy storage is concerned: the new luxury sedan is the first series production car in the world to be equipped with the very latest lithium-ion battery technology. "In this way the S-Class and the Mercedes-Benz brand are doing important pioneering work for the electrification of the automobile."

The new hybrid model combines a low fuel consumption and a high level of environmental compatibility with superior performance: the internal combustion engine and the hybrid module develop a combined output of 295 hp, and a combined maximum torque of 284 lb-ft. (The electric motor contributes 20 hp and 118 lb-ft to the powertrain).

With 270,000 units sold world-wide since its launch, the W 221-series S-Class is the world's most successful luxury sedan, and seamlessly continues the success story of the flagship model in the Mercedes-Benz lineup. Since 1951, when the model 220 began the direct lineage of the S-Class, Mercedes-Benz has delivered around 3.3 million passenger cars from this model series to customers.

The U.S. line-up includes the S400 HYBRID, the 382-hp V8-powered S550 and all-wheel-drive S550 4MATIC as well as the high-performance 518-hp S63 AMG. V12 offerings include the 510-hp S600 and the top-of-the-line 604-hp S65 AMG. The 2010 S-Class will be in U.S. showrooms beginning in August.

Unique combination of driver assistance systems

An absolutely unique combination of ultra-modern assistance and protection systems is available for the 2010 S-Class. Many of these systems are also available for the new E-Class, which debuts this summer. The new assistance systems turn the models in the E and S-Class into "intelligent" partners for their driver. The car is able to "see", "feel", respond reflexively and act autonomously to prevent accidents or mitigate their effects. Mercedes-Benz also uses cameras in these systems - these are able to look well ahead, monitor the car's surroundings and interpret typically critical situations. One example is the optional Adaptive Highbeam Assist. This system recognizes oncoming or leading vehicles and then controls the headlamps to ensure the best possible beam range without dazzling other drivers on the road.

The Sindelfingen-based engineers have also developed Night View Assist further – Night View Assist PLUS is equipped with a special pedestrian detection function: as soon as the system detects pedestrians ahead of the car, they are highlighted on the display to make it easier for the driver to see them.

Lane Keeping Assist is another system that "looks ahead" for even safer driving. The system's computer is able to recognize lane markings by evaluating the contrasting images of the road surface and the markings. If the vehicle leaves the lane unintentionally, the driver is warned by short vibrations of the steering wheel. Unlike conventional systems of this kind, the Mercedes-Benz system is able to evaluate the driver's activities as well and can reliably ascertain whether the car is leaving its lane intentionally or not. Therefore, there is no warning if the driver accelerates before overtaking or merging onto a highway, brakes heavily, or enters a curve.

Drowsiness detection on the basis of more than 70 parameters

With the driver drowsiness monitor, ATTENTION ASSIST, the 2010 S-Class has very sensitive monitors for the attention level of its driver and can warn them in time when they becomes drowsy. This innovative technology continuously monitors more than 70 different parameters. Once the high-resolution steering angle sensor recognizes the steering behavior that typically indicates the onset of drowsiness, a warning signal is sounded and "ATTENTION ASSIST. Time for a break!" appears in the instrument cluster.

Mercedes-Benz has also improved the long and medium-range radar used by Brake Assist PLUS and DISTRONIC PLUS adaptive cruise control. Both systems assist the driver during emergency braking. If the driver is distracted and fails to recognize the immediate danger of a rear-end collision, the PRE-SAFE®Brake is able to intervene and brake the vehicle independently. For the 2010 S-Class the developers in Sindelfingen have improved this system even further: if the driver fails to react even after an acoustic and visual warning, the PRE-SAFE®Brake is able to activate the maximum braking pressure around 0.6 seconds before what is now recognized as an unavoidable accident -- an emergency braking action that can significantly mitigate the severity of the impact. The system therefore acts as something like an "electronic crumple zone".

Detailed fine-tuning has also given the 2010 S-Class better driving dynamics and agility. This is in large measure due to the new electro-hydraulic Direct-Steer system, where the ratio varies with the steering angle.

New: Active Body Control (ABC) compensates for crosswinds

Mercedes-Benz developers have also added a crosswind stabilization function to Active Body Control (ABC) suspension. For this purpose ABC uses the yaw rates and lateral acceleration sensors of the Electronic Stability Program ESP® to vary the wheel load distribution via the ABC spring struts, depending on the direction and intensity of the crosswind. This enables the effects of crosswinds to be compensated, or reduced to a minimum in the case of strong gusts.

S400 HYBRID: the world's most economical gasoline-engined luxury sedan

The 2010 S-Class also plays a pioneering role where its drive system is concerned: "The modular hybrid concept sets the new standard for efficient, clean and superior motoring pleasure in all vehicle segments, and is therefore a driving force for the premium automobile of the future", says Dr. Thomas Weber, the member of the Daimler AG Executive Board responsible for corporate research and development at Mercedes-Benz Cars.

The new S400 HYBRID is the first car to be designed on the basis of the highly intelligent modular concept developed by Mercedes-Benz to give its customers the best hybrid solution for their requirements. The S400 HYBRID, which is a true technological trendsetter with this concept, features all the necessary
components:

* a compact yet powerful electric motor
* the accompanying operating electronics
* a modern lithium-ion storage battery with a high capacity.

The compact hybrid module combines the hybrid functions of an automatic start-stop system and energy recuperation. In several respects this means that the S400 HYBRID sets a new standard in its class, making it the world's most economical luxury sedan with a gasoline engine. Dr. Thomas Weber: "This demonstrates that Mercedes-Benz is able to combine sustainable mobility with the claim of automotive premium positioning - with vehicles that are efficient and environmentally compatible, without having to accept compromises in terms of safety, comfort and superior driving refinement. At the same time the S400 HYBRID dispels the myth that sustainable mobility is only possible with small cars."

The combined fuel economy for the S400 HYBRID is estimated at 29 miles per gallon, a 30-percent increase over the S550.

This figure is accompanied by a truly superior performance potential: the modified 3.5-liter gasoline engine develops 275 hp, while the electric motor generates 20 hp and a starting torque of 118 lb-ft.

The new Mercedes-Benz S400 HYBRID is based on a V6 version of the S-Class and features an extensively modified drive train. This encompasses a further development of the 3.5-litre V6 petrol engine, an additional magneto-electric motor, the 7G-TRONIC seven-speed automatic transmission specially configured for the hybrid module, the necessary operating and control electronics, the transformer and a high-voltage lithium-ion battery.

During braking the electric motor acts as a generator and is able to recover kinetic energy by a process known as recuperation. During this process the electric motor works together seamlessly with the engine brake of the internal combustion engine and the conventional wheel brakes. The recuperated energy is stored by a compact but efficient lithium-ion battery in the engine compartment and retrieved when required. Major advantages over conventional nickel/metal hydride batteries include a higher energy density and greater electrical efficiency combined with more compact dimensions and a low battery weight. Thanks to space-saving installation in the engine compartment, the trunk capacity and generous interior dimensions remain unchanged. The hybrid module also has a
convenient start-stop function.

Comfort: the latest multimedia technology

With its 6.5-inch color display screen, the standard COMAND system with GPS navigation has been refined with a forty-gigabyte hard drive as well as an integrated six-disc CD-DVD player and a Music Register for around 1,000 MP3 tracks. HD Digital Radio and Zagat Restaurant ratings are also available.

A new media interface makes it easier than ever to connect an iPod, USB stick, memory card and other devices. Music tracks can be indicated on the COMAND display located on the center console as well as a smaller display in the center of the instrument cluster and they can be selected with the buttons on the multi-function steering wheel.

Any Bluetooth-enabled cell phone will work hands-free – even with the phone in a pocket or purse, the audio is automatically muted when a call is made or received and callers are heard over the audio system speakers. In addition, phone book info can be displayed by the COMAND system.

Design: a muscular, self-assured presence

The modified design reflects the effortless superiority and power of the S-Class sedan. It is characterized by the more pronounced arrow-shape of the radiator grille, plus a new front bumper with a discreet light-catching contour and a chrome strip below the cooling air intakes. Exhaust tailpipes of all S-Class variants are visibly integrated into the rear bumper. The headlamps incorporate bi-xenon technology and LED indicators on the lower edge of the headlamp as standard. Eye-catching highlights on the S400 HYBRID are provided by the two round foglamps and daytime driving lights on each side of the front bumper. Their location at the outer edges of the bumper underlines the muscular character of the S400 HYBRID.

An even more dynamic look is provided by the Premium 1 package, which is standard on the majority of the model line and includes striking LED arrays for daytime driving lights, indicators and marker lights. They lend an unmistakable day-and-night design to the front end. The rear end is characterized by tail lights in an innovative LED design. Here too, a total of 52 LEDs in the form of a double-C form an unmistakable light signature.

Mercedes-Benz also makes more use of light as a styling element in the interior via the standard ambient lighting, now with a choice between three lighting moods: solar (amber), neutral (white) and polar (ice-blue).

Interior: carefully selected materials and first-class finishing

The multifunction steering wheel of the S-Class has also been modified by the Mercedes-Benz designers: the rim and airbag module are lined with soft premium leather as standard. The new, flatter airbag module also lends a sporty touch to the multifunction steering wheel. Mercedes-Benz engineers have also implemented specific aerodynamic measures to reduce wind noise, which also contributes to greater traveling comfort.

The 2010 Mercedes-Benz S-Class will be in U.S. showrooms beginning in August 2009.

Michigan Approves Tax Break For Mercedes-Benz Propulsion Center

The Michigan Economic Growth Authority approved a tax break for Daimler AG in order to encourage Daimler AG to build a $10 million research center near Ann Arbor today. The center will focus in on Mercedes-Benz development of conventional and alternative (hybrid) propulsion systems and it will be caled the Mercedes-Benz Engineering Center for Powertrains USA.

Mercedes-Benz will hire 223 workers over 10 years for the new facility in Washtenaw County. The company is looking for 65,000 sq. ft. of space.

The tax breaks are contingent on the company's ability to obtain a municipal tax abatement.

Eight other companies were also granted state tax breaks to locate in the area.

Mercedes-Benz Fined $28.9 Million for CAFE Violations

According to an AP story (Detroit Free Press), Mercedes Benz paid $28.9 million fine for violating the federal fuel efficiency guidelines in 2008. That means Mercedes-Benz paid the largest share in the total fines on imported passenger cars from the 2007 model year. There was a total of $37 million in fines levied on six different automakers.

Volkswagen came in second with a $4.5 million fine in August. Porsche, Maserati, Ferrari and Saleen Inc paid the rest.

The Mercedes-Benz fine was the second biggest on record assessed by the NHTSA for CAFE violations according to the story. The biggest fine was paid by DaimlerChrysler back in 2007 when they mostly imported Mercedes-Benz luxury cars.

It seems the CAFE fines are mostly being assessed against luxury vehicle manufacturers and importers, whose companies regularly take the fine into their business expenses.

Is that what CAFE is for?

Mercedes to Offer Hybrid S-Class in 2009

As previously noted, the Mercedes S-Class hybrid will be in Europe by June, 2009. By September, 2009, it will be offered in the U.S. The mild hybrid will increase the fuel efficiency of the luxury sedan over 29 mpg, according to the engineers.

The S-Class can also produce 299 hp and go from 0-60 in 7.3 seconds. While not a full hybrid, the new hybrid from Mercedes will have a lithium-ion battery pack, rather than the nickel metal hydride battery packs currently seen in hybrid cars. That's a big improvement, since the lithium-ion battery pack is more powerful as well while being half the size.

The mild hybrid engine is being built in Germany, while the battery pack is being built in France by Johnson Controls and Saft Advanced Power Solutions. The plant making the battery packs is being set to build 5,000 packs a year, so don't expect the S-Class Hybrid to have huge sales numbers. Of course, you could probably figure that out based on the $100K pricetag.

Unlike most of their competitors, Mercedes expects to make a profit on their hybrid cars right away.  Why?  Because they can place a $14,000 premium on their hybrid cars and the buyers aren't even going to blink.

Germany's Auto Motor und Sport says Mercedes will introduce a new hybrid each year beginning with the S 400, and it says one of every five cars it sells will be a hybrid by 2015. (via Wired)